Subtitle "Afrikaans" was produced by machine.Subtitle "አማርኛ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "العربية " was produced by machine.Subtitle "Ārāmāyâ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "azərbaycan dili " was produced by machine.Subtitle "беларуская мова " was produced by machine.Подзаглавието "България" е създадено от машина.Subtitle "বাংলা " was produced by machine.Subtitle "བོད་ཡིག" was produced by machine.Subtitle "босански" was produced by machine.Subtitle "català" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Cebuano" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ગુજરાતી" was produced by machine.Subtitle "corsu" was produced by machine.Podtitul "Čeština" byl vytvořen automaticky.Subtitle "Cymraeg" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Dansk" was produced by machine.Untertitel "Deutsch" wurde maschinell erzeugt.Subtitle "Untertitel" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Ελληνικά" was produced by machine.Subtitle "English" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Esperanto" was produced by machine.El subtítulo "Español" se generó automáticamente.Subtitle "Eesti" was produced by machine.Subtitle "euskara" was produced by machine.Subtitle "فارسی" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Suomi" was produced by machine.Le sous-titre "Français" a été généré automatiquement.Subtitle "Frysk" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Gaeilge" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Gàidhlig" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Galego" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Schwizerdütsch" was produced by machine.Subtitle "هَوُسَ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Ōlelo Hawaiʻi" was produced by machine.Subtitle "עברית" was produced by machine.Subtitle "हिन्दी" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Mẹo" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Hrvatski" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Kreyòl ayisyen " was produced by machine.Subtitle "Magyar" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Հայերեն" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Bahasa Indonesia " was produced by machine.Subtitle "Asụsụ Igbo " was produced by machine.Textun"Íslenska" var framkvæmt vélrænt.Sottotitoli "Italiano" sono stati generati automaticamente.Subtitle "日本語" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Basa Jawa" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ქართული" was produced by machine.Subtitle "қазақ тілі " was produced by machine.Subtitle "ភាសាខ្មែរ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ಕನ್ನಡ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "한국어" was produced by machine.Subtitle "कोंकणी語" was produced by machine.Subtitle "کوردی" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Кыргызча" was produced by machine.Subtitle " lingua latina" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Lëtzebuergesch" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Lingala" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ພາສາ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Lietuvių" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Latviešu" was produced by machine.Subtitle "fiteny malagasy" was produced by machine.Subtitle "te reo Māori" was produced by machine.Subtitle "македонски јазик" was produced by machine.Subtitle "malayāḷaṁ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "မြန်မာစာ " was produced by machine.Subtitle "Монгол хэл" was produced by machine.Subtitle "मराठी" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Bahasa Malaysia" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Malti" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ဗမာစာ " was produced by machine.Subtitle "नेपाली" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Nederlands" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Norsk" was produced by machine.Subtitle "chiCheŵa" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Polska" was produced by machine.Subtitle "پښتو" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Português" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Română" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Язык жестов (Русский)" was produced by machine.Субтитры "Pусский" были созданы машиной.Subtitle "Kinyarwanda" was produced by machine.Subtitle "सिन्धी" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Deutschschweizer Gebärdensprache" was produced by machine.Subtitle "සිංහල" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Slovensky" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Slovenski" was produced by machine.Subtitle "gagana fa'a Samoa" was produced by machine.Subtitle "chiShona" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Soomaaliga" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Shqip" was produced by machine.Subtitle "србски" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Sesotho" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Basa Sunda" was produced by machine.Undertext "Svenska" är maskinell skapad.Subtitle "Kiswahili" was produced by machine.Subtitle "தமிழ்" was produced by machine.Subtitle "తెలుగు" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Тоҷикй" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ภาษาไทย" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ትግርኛ" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Tagalog" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Türkçe" was produced by machine.Subtitle "татар теле" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Українська " was produced by machine.Subtitle "اردو" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Oʻzbek" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Tiếng Việt" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Serbšćina" was produced by machine.Subtitle "isiXhosa" was produced by machine.Subtitle "ייִדיש" was produced by machine.Subtitle "Yorùbá" was produced by machine.Subtitle "中文" was produced by machine.Subtitle "isiZulu" was produced by machine.

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#Catalogne

17.10.2017

Catalogne : comment le droit international est instrumentalisé

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17.10.2017 | www.kla.tv/11300

Le conflit entre le gouvernement central espagnol du président Mariano Rajoy et le gouvernement régional catalan du président Carles Puigdemont menace de s’aggraver. Kla.TV a parlé de ce sujet dans l’émission : « La Catalogne : le jouet des puissants dans l’ombre ? ». Le 10 octobre 2017 le président régional catalan Carles Puigdemont a signé une déclaration d’indépendance, mais l’a aussitôt après déclarée suspendue. D’après ses propres affirmations il veut ainsi faire débuter un « dialogue » avec le gouvernement central. Un porte-parole catalan du gouvernement a plus tard déclaré que ce pas était un « acte symbolique ». La constitution espagnole ne prévoit pas la séparation d’une région. Selon l’opinion du gouvernement central, une déclaration d’indépendance serait donc clairement une infraction au droit. La déclaration « symbolique » de Puigdemont se trouve au contraire dans la zone grise du droit. Le président Rajoy avait demandé une explication de Puigdemont pour le 16 octobre : A-t-il oui ou non proclamé la déclaration d’indépendance unilatérale ? Avant le 19 octobre au plus tard, Puigdemont doit respecter l’ordre constitutionnel espagnol et donc mettre une fin pratique au processus d’indépendance en cours. Cette menace représente une première étape en direction de l’application de l’article 155 de la constitution espagnole. D’après cet article, Madrid peut destituer de son pouvoir un gouvernement régional si celui-ci viole la constitution. Selon diverses sources, l’armée espagnole se prépare pour une intervention possible en Catalogne. Un élément déclencheur de la crise est le « droit d’autodétermination des peuples » ancré dans le droit international. Celui-ci prévoit que tous les peuples peuvent décider de leur « statut politique ». Mais le droit international en vigueur protège également l’ « intégrité territoriale » des frontières de tous les Etats. C’est pourquoi il n’y a pas de norme du droit international qui approuve ou interdise un droit de sécession, c’est-à-dire de séparation. Parmi les experts du droit international il y a la question controversée de savoir si le droit d’autodétermination des peuples inclut aussi le droit de minorités à sortir d’une fédération d’Etats. L’opinion qui prédomine dans les sciences juridiques rejette un « droit de séparation » de minorités ethniques en pointant l’ « intérêt d’intégrité » d’Etats existants. Selon le Suisse Oliver Diggelmann, expert en droit et professeur en droit international et constitutionnel à l’université de Zurich, le droit d’autodétermination ne confère que certains droits d’autonomie dans une fédération d’Etats existante, mais pas de droit de séparation réel. Selon le droit international, une séparation ne serait admise que si le peuple de Catalogne était réellement menacé. Une séparation n’est autorisée que dans des situations d’urgence et seulement en cas de violation des droits de l’homme lourde, systématique et sur une certaine durée. Même le Kosovo est un cas délicat d’après Oliver Diggelmann. Le parlement kosovar a proclamé l’indépendance du Kosovo par rapport à la Serbie le 17 février 2008. Jusqu’à aujourd’hui la Serbie et de nombreux autres Etats ne reconnaissent pas la souveraineté du Kosovo. A ce sujet nous aimerions mentionner la séparation de la presqu’île de Crimée en 2014. Kla.TV a indiqué que les habitants de la Crimée ont lourdement été menacés. Selon l’historien suisse et chercheur sur la paix Daniele Ganser la séparation de la Crimée est une contre-réaction au putsch absolument sanglant et contraire au droit international contre le gouvernement légitimement élu de Kiev. Revenons à la Catalogne : Comme nous l’avons relaté le 16 octobre, la Catalogne possède déjà une grande autonomie et on ne peut pas parler de violations des droits de l’homme de la part du gouvernement central espagnol. Mais en ce qui concerne la séparation de minorités ethniques, il faut prendre en compte qui d’autre, à part une partie de la population concernée, pourrait aussi avoir intérêt à cela : le 10 octobre le portail web du journal « Die Zeit » a publié un appel passionné en faveur du démantèlement des Etats nationaux européens. L’auteur en est la politologue Ulrike Guérot, qui a été spécialiste dans plusieurs think-tanks. Selon elle, les « Etats nationaux » d’Europe doivent être remplacés par une soixantaine de régions ayant chacune une « identité propre », définie de manière « ethnique ». Ulrike Guérot donne comme exemple des régions avec de fortes tendances séparatistes telles que les Flandres ou le Tyrol du Sud ou bien justement la Catalogne. A première vue, Ulrike Guérot veut sauver l’UE secouée par les conflits entre les Etats nationaux. Mais l’intention en arrière-plan, c’est d’ériger une Europe gouvernée de manière centralisée ( ce qu’on appelle les « Etats-Unis d’Europe » ), ce qui ne pourrait pas être possible avec les Etats nationaux existants. Les tendances séparatistes comme celles de la Catalogne sont donc instrumentalisées pour démanteler les Etats nationaux européens. Selon l’expert en droit Oliver Diggelmann, l’objectif ne peut pas être des Etats homogènes, c’est-à-dire ethniquement uniformes. Je cite : « Car lors d’une séparation il y a souvent de nouvelles minorités à l’intérieur du nouveau territoire, et ça peut continuer comme ça. Le but doit donc être beaucoup plus de trouver des modes de vies de cohabitation à l’intérieur des Etats existants. » Il reste à espérer que le peuple espagnol ne se laissera pas instrumentaliser et monter les uns contre les autres, ni d’un côté ni de l’autre, et cela a été manifesté de manière impressionnante les 7 et 8 octobre : Des centaines de milliers de personnes sont allées dans la rue pour l’unité de l’Espagne, contre la séparation de la Catalogne. De plus, les manifestants ont appelé les politiques impliqués à un dialogue mutuel : « Parlez ou démissionnez ! » criaient-ils en s’adressant au président Rajoy et au chef du gouvernement régional catalan Puigdemont. Cet exemple montre que seul le peuple est capable de s’opposer à la politique du « diviser pour régner » des dirigeants !

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