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Wadudu waliobadilishwa katika maabara - silaha za vita dhidi ya ubinadamu?
22.07.2024
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Wadudu waliobadilishwa katika maabara - silaha za vita dhidi ya ubinadamu?
Mnamo Julai 2023, mwanzilishi wa Kla.TV Ivo Sasek alionya juu ya kuongezeka kwa utolewaji wa mbu waliobadilishwa maabara ulimwenguni kote. Hasa huko Brazil,
ambayo inakabiliwa na mlipuko mkubwa zaidi wa homa ya dengue nchi nzima katika historia yake msimu huu wa joto, mbu hao wanatolewa kwenye mazingira ili kukabiliana na ugonjwa huo wa kuambukiza.
Walakini, matokeo ya utafiti kutoka kwa majaribio ya zamani yanazungumza dhidi ya kufanya majaribio kama haya ya mbu. Walakini, mbinu hii inaendelea bila kukata tamaa.
Ikiwa tunataka kuzuia majaribio haya yasiyo na maana na hatari ya mbu yasifanywe ulimwenguni pote, ni lazima tuchukue hatua sasa kwa kueneza matangazo haya!
[endelea kusoma]
Maandishi yaliyotamkwa
Tangu Oktoba 2023, Brazili imerekodi mlipuko mkubwa zaidi wa homa ya dengue katika historia yake kote nchini. Takriban majimbo yote yameathiriwa na hali ya hatari imetangazwa katika mikoa kadhaa. Gazeti la kila siku la Uingereza "Financial Times" liliripoti mnamo Juni 2, 2024 kwamba maambukizo milioni 5.5 yamesajiliwa kufikia sasa. Ugonjwa wa dengue ambao unaweza kusababisha homa kali, maumivu ya misuli na kuvuja damu kwa ndani, umesababisha vifo vya zaidi ya watu 3,200 mwaka huu. Kama inavyojulikana kwa miaka mingi, mbu waliobadilishwa maabara hutumiwa kupambana na magonjwa ya kuambukiza katika nchi mbalimbali duniani, hasa nchini Brazil. Mpango wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Kudhibiti Mbu ulitangaza mwaka jana kwamba utapeleka mabilioni ya mbu wanaofugwa katika mikoa mbalimbali ya Brazili katika kipindi cha miaka kumi ijayo. Mbinu ya utafiti inayotumika ni kuwaambukiza mbu wa Asia bakteria ya Wolbachia na kisha kuwaachilia kwa idadi ya mbu nchini Brazili. Bakteria ya Wolbachia imeundwa ili kuzuia dengue, Zika na virusi vingine kuambukizwa na mbu hadi kwa mbu wengine na kwa sababu hiyo kwa idadi ya watu wanaowazunguka. Mamlaka ya afya ya Brazil tayari imetoa mbu wa maabara katika miji mitano mikubwa nchini Brazil ili kupima madhara. Na matokeo ya mtihani huu yalikuwa nini? Angalau takwimu za sasa zinaweka wazi kwamba hakujapungua kesi za homa ya dengue, lakini ongezeko la rekodi. Uchunguzi wa siku za nyuma unaonyesha kuwa miradi ya awali ya utafiti iliyolenga kudhibiti magonjwa ya kuambukiza yanayosababishwa na mbu waliobadilishwa vinasaba haikuwa na ufanisi. Kwa mfano, kampuni ya kibayoteknolojia ya Uingereza ya Oxitec ilitoa zaidi ya mbu milioni kumi na mbili waliobadilishwa vinasaba nchini Brazili kuanzia 2013 hadi 2015. Madhumuni ya jaribio hili la uwanjani lilikuwa kudhibiti idadi ya mbu wa tiger "Aedes aegypti", ambaye anahusika haswa na uenezaji wa homa ya dengue. Lakini miezi 30 baadaye, mabadiliko ya jeni pia yalipatikana katika hadi 60% ya mbu wa kienyeji. Lakini sio yote: upunguzaji uliotaka wa mbu wa tiger ulipatikana hapo awali, lakini baada ya miezi 18 walirudi kwenye kiwango chao cha asili. Mseto kati ya mbu wa asili na waliobadilishwa vinasaba ulitokea, na kuunda idadi ya mbu sugu kuliko kabla ya kuachiliwa. Aidha, matokeo ya utafiti huo yalionyesha kuwa mbu waliendelea kuwa wabebaji wa magonjwa ya kuambukiza kabla na baada ya majaribio. Ingawa majaribio ya hapo awali yameshindwa kabisa kufikia lengo lao, uzalishaji katika viwanda vya mbu nchini Brazil haujakoma. Kwa hivyo swali linazuka kuhusu ni masilahi gani ya nyuma ya miradi ya utafiti na ni nani anayefadhili utekelezaji wake? Mapema mwaka wa 2019, Mpango wa Dunia wa Mbu ulichapisha kwenye tovuti yake kwamba Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation na Wellcome Trust zilikuwa zikisaidia mradi wa utafiti unaohusiana na bakteria wa Wolbachia kwa dola milioni 50. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation pia ilifadhili utafiti wa chanjo ya dengue mwaka wa 2003. Chanjo hiyo inatengenezwa na kampuni ya dawa ya Kijapani Takeda, ambayo pia ilipokea kiasi cha milioni mbili kutoka kwa Gates Foundation. Lakini sio Bill Gates pekee, mashirika mengine pia yanasaidia miradi ya utafiti inayohusiana na wadudu iliyorekebishwa katika maabara. Kwa mfano, shirika la Management Sciences for Health lilikuwa tayari likifanya utafiti mwaka wa 2022 ili kujua ni nchi gani duniani ziko tayari kulipa ili kutumia riwaya ya pathojeni iitwayo Wolbachia. Kulingana na taarifa yake yenyewe, Sayansi ya Usimamizi kwa Afya inasaidiwa na mashirika mbalimbali, vyuo vikuu na makampuni binafsi. Miongoni mwa mengine, kupitia: Wakfu wa Bill & Melinda Gates, kikundi cha dawa na teknolojia ya kibayoteknolojia Pfizer, kampuni ya dawa ya Asia Takeda, ambayo inazalisha chanjo za kupambana na dengue, mpango wa afya duniani Unitaid na Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni. Taasisi ya kisayansi ya Brazil Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ kwa kifupi), ambayo inakuza uzalishaji wa mbu, ina mtandao wa ajabu wa mahusiano na mashirika na vyuo vikuu mbalimbali. Yafuatayo yanapaswa kuangaziwa: Benki ya Dunia, Umoja wa Mataifa, Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto, au UNICEF kwa ufupi, Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni. Kama inavyoonyesha Brazili, miradi ya utafiti inayotumia mbu waliobadilishwa maabara haijasitishwa, ingawa wanajulikana kukosa shabaha yao. Licha ya ukosefu wa mafanikio na hakuna kupungua dhahiri kwa magonjwa ya kuambukiza, mabilioni ya mbu wanaachiliwa, na hivyo kuingiza gharama kubwa za kifedha na kuongezeka kwa magonjwa na vifo. Je, ni nini nyuma ya mtindo huu wa kiuchumi? Je, mbu wanapaswa kutumika kama silaha ya vita dhidi ya binadamu katika siku zijazo? Hitimisho moja linabaki: watu katika nchi ambazo mbu hutolewa hupata madhara makubwa. Mapema Julai 2023, mwanzilishi wa Kla.TV Ivo Sasek alionya kuhusu kuongezeka kwa kiwango cha kimataifa cha mbu waliobadilishwa vinasaba. Kutokana na matukio ya sasa nchini Brazil, Kla.TV inatangaza tena hotuba yake. Katika zifuatazo utasikia ukweli wa kushangaza, lakini pia ufumbuzi wa kwanza wa kushangaza.
22.07.2024 | www.kla.tv/29833
Maandishi yaliyotamkwa Tangu Oktoba 2023, Brazili imerekodi mlipuko mkubwa zaidi wa homa ya dengue katika historia yake kote nchini. Takriban majimbo yote yameathiriwa na hali ya hatari imetangazwa katika mikoa kadhaa. Gazeti la kila siku la Uingereza "Financial Times" liliripoti mnamo Juni 2, 2024 kwamba maambukizo milioni 5.5 yamesajiliwa kufikia sasa. Ugonjwa wa dengue ambao unaweza kusababisha homa kali, maumivu ya misuli na kuvuja damu kwa ndani, umesababisha vifo vya zaidi ya watu 3,200 mwaka huu. Kama inavyojulikana kwa miaka mingi, mbu waliobadilishwa maabara hutumiwa kupambana na magonjwa ya kuambukiza katika nchi mbalimbali duniani, hasa nchini Brazil. Mpango wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Kudhibiti Mbu ulitangaza mwaka jana kwamba utapeleka mabilioni ya mbu wanaofugwa katika mikoa mbalimbali ya Brazili katika kipindi cha miaka kumi ijayo. Mbinu ya utafiti inayotumika ni kuwaambukiza mbu wa Asia bakteria ya Wolbachia na kisha kuwaachilia kwa idadi ya mbu nchini Brazili. Bakteria ya Wolbachia imeundwa ili kuzuia dengue, Zika na virusi vingine kuambukizwa na mbu hadi kwa mbu wengine na kwa sababu hiyo kwa idadi ya watu wanaowazunguka. Mamlaka ya afya ya Brazil tayari imetoa mbu wa maabara katika miji mitano mikubwa nchini Brazil ili kupima madhara. Na matokeo ya mtihani huu yalikuwa nini? Angalau takwimu za sasa zinaweka wazi kwamba hakujapungua kesi za homa ya dengue, lakini ongezeko la rekodi. Uchunguzi wa siku za nyuma unaonyesha kuwa miradi ya awali ya utafiti iliyolenga kudhibiti magonjwa ya kuambukiza yanayosababishwa na mbu waliobadilishwa vinasaba haikuwa na ufanisi. Kwa mfano, kampuni ya kibayoteknolojia ya Uingereza ya Oxitec ilitoa zaidi ya mbu milioni kumi na mbili waliobadilishwa vinasaba nchini Brazili kuanzia 2013 hadi 2015. Madhumuni ya jaribio hili la uwanjani lilikuwa kudhibiti idadi ya mbu wa tiger "Aedes aegypti", ambaye anahusika haswa na uenezaji wa homa ya dengue. Lakini miezi 30 baadaye, mabadiliko ya jeni pia yalipatikana katika hadi 60% ya mbu wa kienyeji. Lakini sio yote: upunguzaji uliotaka wa mbu wa tiger ulipatikana hapo awali, lakini baada ya miezi 18 walirudi kwenye kiwango chao cha asili. Mseto kati ya mbu wa asili na waliobadilishwa vinasaba ulitokea, na kuunda idadi ya mbu sugu kuliko kabla ya kuachiliwa. Aidha, matokeo ya utafiti huo yalionyesha kuwa mbu waliendelea kuwa wabebaji wa magonjwa ya kuambukiza kabla na baada ya majaribio. Ingawa majaribio ya hapo awali yameshindwa kabisa kufikia lengo lao, uzalishaji katika viwanda vya mbu nchini Brazil haujakoma. Kwa hivyo swali linazuka kuhusu ni masilahi gani ya nyuma ya miradi ya utafiti na ni nani anayefadhili utekelezaji wake? Mapema mwaka wa 2019, Mpango wa Dunia wa Mbu ulichapisha kwenye tovuti yake kwamba Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation na Wellcome Trust zilikuwa zikisaidia mradi wa utafiti unaohusiana na bakteria wa Wolbachia kwa dola milioni 50. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation pia ilifadhili utafiti wa chanjo ya dengue mwaka wa 2003. Chanjo hiyo inatengenezwa na kampuni ya dawa ya Kijapani Takeda, ambayo pia ilipokea kiasi cha milioni mbili kutoka kwa Gates Foundation. Lakini sio Bill Gates pekee, mashirika mengine pia yanasaidia miradi ya utafiti inayohusiana na wadudu iliyorekebishwa katika maabara. Kwa mfano, shirika la Management Sciences for Health lilikuwa tayari likifanya utafiti mwaka wa 2022 ili kujua ni nchi gani duniani ziko tayari kulipa ili kutumia riwaya ya pathojeni iitwayo Wolbachia. Kulingana na taarifa yake yenyewe, Sayansi ya Usimamizi kwa Afya inasaidiwa na mashirika mbalimbali, vyuo vikuu na makampuni binafsi. Miongoni mwa mengine, kupitia: Wakfu wa Bill & Melinda Gates, kikundi cha dawa na teknolojia ya kibayoteknolojia Pfizer, kampuni ya dawa ya Asia Takeda, ambayo inazalisha chanjo za kupambana na dengue, mpango wa afya duniani Unitaid na Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni. Taasisi ya kisayansi ya Brazil Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ kwa kifupi), ambayo inakuza uzalishaji wa mbu, ina mtandao wa ajabu wa mahusiano na mashirika na vyuo vikuu mbalimbali. Yafuatayo yanapaswa kuangaziwa: Benki ya Dunia, Umoja wa Mataifa, Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Watoto, au UNICEF kwa ufupi, Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni. Kama inavyoonyesha Brazili, miradi ya utafiti inayotumia mbu waliobadilishwa maabara haijasitishwa, ingawa wanajulikana kukosa shabaha yao. Licha ya ukosefu wa mafanikio na hakuna kupungua dhahiri kwa magonjwa ya kuambukiza, mabilioni ya mbu wanaachiliwa, na hivyo kuingiza gharama kubwa za kifedha na kuongezeka kwa magonjwa na vifo. Je, ni nini nyuma ya mtindo huu wa kiuchumi? Je, mbu wanapaswa kutumika kama silaha ya vita dhidi ya binadamu katika siku zijazo? Hitimisho moja linabaki: watu katika nchi ambazo mbu hutolewa hupata madhara makubwa. Mapema Julai 2023, mwanzilishi wa Kla.TV Ivo Sasek alionya kuhusu kuongezeka kwa kiwango cha kimataifa cha mbu waliobadilishwa vinasaba. Kutokana na matukio ya sasa nchini Brazil, Kla.TV inatangaza tena hotuba yake. Katika zifuatazo utasikia ukweli wa kushangaza, lakini pia ufumbuzi wa kwanza wa kushangaza.
from db/rw
www.kla.tv/26594
Größter Dengue-Ausbruch https://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/video/video-1317230.html
https://www.ft.com/content/b253bc83-03fe-4f58-95c9-e5c805742009
In Brasilien gezüchtete Mücken https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/dengue-wie-in-brasilien-gezuechtete-super-muecken-das-denguefieber-bekaempfen-sollen-a-6fa51f86-c0c4-4c7a-8f4a-2f5c95eb2021
Genveränderung bei natürlichen Mücken nach Oxitec-Experiment https://www.dw.com/de/genver%C3%A4nderte-m%C3%BCcken-vermehren-sich-in-brasilien/a-50399709
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-49660-6
https://www.dw.com/de/genver%C3%A4nderte-m%C3%BCcken-vermehren-sich-in-brasilien/a-50399709
Mückenfabrik in Brasilien https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/muecken-aus-der-fabrik-gegen-denguefieber-139637/
https://msh.org/de/story/wolbachia-a-novel-method-for-controlling-mosquitoes-to-tame-the-spread-of-dengue/
Finanzierung durch die Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation und den Welcome Trust https://uncutnews.ch/nachdem-bill-gates-milliarden-gentechnisch-veraenderter-moskitos-freigesetzt-hat-breitet-sich-das-dengue-virus-aus/
https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/news-stories/news/world-mosquito-program-welcomes-aud50m-gates-foundation-and-wellcome-trust
https://www.gatesfoundation.org/ideas/media-center/press-releases/2003/09/dengue-vaccine-research
https://www.takeda.com/newsroom/newsreleases/2016/takeda-receives-$38-million-grant-from-the-bill--melinda-gates-foundation-to-support-polio-eradication-in-developing-countries/
Wolbachia-Mücken https://msh.org/de/story/wolbachia-a-novel-method-for-controlling-mosquitoes-to-tame-the-spread-of-dengue/
https://msh.org/de/partner-with-us/
Organisation FIOCRUZ https://portal.fiocruz.br/en/organizations-and-institutions
Impfstoffherstellerin Takeda https://www.pei.de/DE/newsroom/hp-meldungen/2022/221019-zulassung-impfstoff-dengue-fieber-empfohlen.html
Ticket: SE-1299